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“How to Add Negative Integers”
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If you have a balance of -2000FRS CFA this means you are owing. In some
cases, instead of putting negative symbol, a different color of ink is used in
entering this amount; preferably red in in my community.
As the financial secretary or treasurer of any group, it is necessary to
be able to add negative whole numbers. This will enable you to accurately sort
out those owing and the correct amounts owed. Without which you may run into
trouble if wrong additions are done.
It should be recalled that the addition we are going to do here is
between negative and positive numbers but our focus will be on negative
integers.
Any positive integer added to a negative integer in your account that
has a negative balance means you are paying off your debt. But a negative
integer added to your debt means you are getting into more debt. Be reminded that nonnegative integers
include zero and all other positive integers.
In monetary terms, an amount of +500FRS CFA means your account has been
credited… money has been added. An amount of
-500FRS CFA means you’re debited that is, money has been deducted. So the negative symbol indicates decrease
while the positive symbol indicates increase.
No one loves to be in debt. But it is not possible to live without
owing. Research shows that very few people are debt free. I mean people who
others money. In basic algebra, you were taught how to add whole integers
especially the negative ones. By then, you did not care to follow up. You only
realized it was difficult when you could not solve simple questions in a test
or examination… which resulted to failure.
That made you depressed and as a consequence and mathematics. That was
when you started saying I don’t want to see numbers especially negative ones.
As I write you are amongst those who still find it difficult to add
negative integers… who still hold that mathematics is their worst subject.
Should I tell one of the reasons you hated this subject from scratch? You may
be wondering how I knew this. A lot of research has been carried out. While in
school I over heard classmates who often made this comment. As a mathematics
teacher, I also got it from my students!
What do they always say?
“Mathematics is a difficult subject.” “Adding
negative numbers is difficult.”
Below are some of the reasons why you thought adding negative numbers is
not easy:
i)
You
blocked your mind with negative feelings and thoughts.
ii)
You
were likely not in school physically and spiritually when the lesson was being
taught. You know, there are some students who are physically present but
spiritually absent in class.
iii)
You
hated your mathematics teacher either because he punished you for not doing
your assignment or because of his teaching method. Remember that you have the
right to stop your teacher and ask questions where you do not understand during
a lesson
iv)
You
were noisy in class or sat near friends who hated the subject and distracted
you from time to time.
Does any of these four points speak to you? If so, do not
worry, it is never too late to learn. Learning is a continuous process.
Today you will learn how to add negative integers with total ease. Just
read carefully what I have to say here. If you doubt anything, you will be
referred to my You Tube channel for more learning. Or Contact me using my email
for clarifications.
I will break things down to the lowest level for you to assimilate
quickly. You would likely go out and start teaching others after going through
this write-up. Let’s go back to negative integers!
A negative integer has a negative sign in front of it or on the
left-hand side. For example the following numbers -2, -5, -6, -13, -41… are
negative integers because the negative sign is in front or on the left-hand
side of each.
The numbers 0, 2-, 5-, 6-, 13-, 41-, are nonnegative integers because
the negative sign is behind on the right-hand side instead of left-hand side.
When no sign is attached to a integer, that number is taken to be
positive. For example 2, 5, 6, 13, 41 or +2, +5, +6, +13, +41, are all positive
integers.
Any sign between two numbers is called an operation sign. It is there to
combine the numbers in question to give one. For example -2+8, -5+3, -2-8,
-5-3 etc. So the + and - between the numbers above are
operations. If these numbers are
separated, each owns the sign in front of it. That is to say separating -2+8,
gives -2, and +8 when separated.
When the operations are written together as (+ -) the positive sign is
suppressed. For example -2+ -8 = -2-8. The positive sign is suppressed. Furthermore, when the operation has the same sign written together
like ++ or - - , then every thing is changed to addition. -2++8= -2+8, and -2-
-8= -2+8. The integers -2 and +8 above are called end digits with 8 the large
digit, and 2 the small digit.
The explanations above will enable you write, adjust and add negative
integers with ease. You will add
integers with opposite signs and integers with the same signs. One of the signs
mentioned here will be the operation.
Let’s begin adding these negative integers.
1) Adding integers with different signs
When the integers have different
signs, subtract the absolute value of the smaller end digit from the absolute
value of the large end digit.
Example1.
Evaluate each of the following.
i)
-4+9
ii)
-9+4
iii)
-2++3
iv)
-6-
-4
Solution
i) 
-4 + 9 =?
End digits,-4 and +9
Large digit =9, Small digit=4
-4 + 9 = |+9|-|-4|
-4 + 9 = 9 - 4
-4 + 9 = 5
The sign of the large number is
positive (+). Put this sign to the result above.
-4 + 9 =+ 5 or 5
ii)
-9+
4 =?
End digits, -9 and +4
Large digit =9, small digit=4
-9+4 = |-9|-|+4|
-9 + 4 = 9 – 4
-9 + 4 = 5
The sign of the large number is negative
(-). Put this sign to the result above.
-9 + 4 = - 5
iii)
-2
+ + 3 =?
The ++ is compressed to +
-2 + + 3 = -2 + 3
Continue with -2+3 as above.
End digits -2, and +3
Large digit= 3, Small digit 2
-2++3= -2+3= |+3| -|2|
-2++3 =-2+3 = 3-2
-2++3= -2+3=1
-2++3 = 1
The sign of the large number is +.
Put this to the answer above.
-2++ 3 = +1 or simply
-2++ 3 = 1
iv)
-6-
- 4 =?
The - - is compressed to +
-6- - 4 = - 6 + 4
Continue with -6 + 4 as above.
End digits, -6 and +4
Large digit =6, Small digit= 4
-6- -4 = -6 + 4 = |-6| -|+4|
-6 - -4 = -6 + 4 = 6 - 4
-6 - - 4= -6 + 4 = 2
-6 - - 4 = 2
The sign of the large number is - .
Put this sign to the answer above.
-6 - - 4 = -2
Exercise.
Evaluate each of the following,
i)
-11
+ 8
ii)
-8
+ 11
iii)
-44
+ + 31
iv)
-204+
+123
v)
-16
- - 73
vi)
-140-
-150
2) Adding Integers with the Same Sign
To add negative
integers with the same sign, add the absolute value of the large number to the absolute
value of the small integer the maintain the common sign on the answer.
Example 1
Evaluate each of the following:
i)
-6-3
ii)
-13-5
iii)
-10+-7
iv)
-21-
+4
Solution
i)
-6
– 3 = -6 + -3 =?
End digit, -6 and -3
Large digit =6, Small digit =3
-6 – 3 = -6 + -3= |-6| +|-3|
-6 – 3 = -6+-3 = 6 +3
-6 -3 = 9. The common sign here is –
. Put this sign to your answer.
-6- 3 = -9
ii)
-13 – 5= -13 + -5 =?
End digits -13 and -5
Large digit=13, Smaller digit= 5
-13- 5 = -13 + -5 = |-13| + |-5|
-13-5 = -13 + -5 = 13 + 5
-13-5 = -13 + -5 = 18. The common
sign here is - . Put this to the answer .
-13-5 = -18.
iii)
-10
+ -7 =?
End digits -10 and -7
Large digit= 10, Small digit= 7
-10 + -7 = |-10| + |-7|
-10 + -7 = 10 + 7
-10 + -7 = 17. The common sign is
negative (-). Put it to 17
-10 + -7 = -17
iv)
-21
- + 4 = ?
End digits -21 and -4. Remember that
4 assumes the negative sign because when - + come together, + is suppressed.
Large digit=21, Small digit=4
-21- + 4 = |-21| + |-4|
-21 - + 4 = 21 + 4
-21 - + 4 = 25. The common sign is negative
(-). Put it to 25
-21 - + 4 = -25
Subtracting negative integers with the
same sign is the same as adding integers with opposite signs. For example -8 -
-5 =? This is rewritten as -8 - -5= -8 +5 since the - - sign is changed to +.
Exercise
Evaluate each of the following
i)
-6
-11
ii)
-21-14
iii)
-30
- + 48
iv)
-305+
-102
Using the method for adding integers with
the same or different signs you can add very large or small negative integers without
using calculators or number lines as it may require. You can add these negative
integers quickly and with ease.
As
you saw above, negative numbers play a very great role in life. They indicate
loss, owing, withdrawal, stock market price that goes down and more.
It should noted that the bigger the negative
number, the smaller its value. This means the more you owe, the less respect
you command from your creditor, hence the lower your value or personality. A
debtor is a gentle man on his knees.
In life, negative numbers are used in many
places including the following:
a)
Banking and Finance. Banking and finance is all about money,
credit and debit. Debited amounts are indicated by negative symbol attached to
the amount in question.
b)
Science. The use of negative integers is
commonly observed in weather broadcasting.
c) Sports. Goal
difference in games like football, hockey, are denoted by negative integers.
A negative number
can be a fraction, decimal, rational, irrational, or whole number. You are more
concerned with addition negative whole numbers here.
To add negative whole numbers with different
signs, subtract the absolute value of the small digit from the absolute value
of the large and maintain the sign of the large digit on your answer.
To add negative
whole numbers with the same sign, add the absolute value of the small number to
the absolute value of the large number. Attach the common sign to your final
answer.
When the signs + -
appear as an operation, suppress + and continue with - . When the sign + + or -
- appear as operation, change it to + and continue with +.
This article was written by Awah Aweh who is an expert in writing articles for the internet at here See sample of my blog posts above link. I write marketing content. This involves articles, blog posts, sales letters, email campaigns, ads and white papers for owners of small and mid-size businesses in the self-help, education, and finance industries. Read samples of my blog posts on personal finance at here. I write e-books on self-improvement at self-help e-book store . I also make designs that can be printed on your products to boost sales on promotion here
If you have any a design project of any of the writing projects listed here, contact me Let’s begin work now!
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